In the general case, you can walk out to an imperial and nod at him and say 'Top of the morning to ya!' in the middle of a city.
Unless you are a powerful/important/stacked character that is mostly wounded and just made it to the city with no one around to catch them.
Then they do what evils ought to do, depending on how frustrated or greedy they are and kill you.
No Imperial takes that chance if they think you're strong enough to survive, and some Imperials don't feel the need to bother with taking such a risk. Almost never will an Imperial ganksquad come after you as a group to kill you in the city even if you are in fact almost dead. They might loot your corpse though, as looting isn't against Imperial Law. Neither is stealing, for that matter, just don't steal from Divines and don't steal from anyone powerful enough to demote you.
In the general case Elhe is right. If you are in a position where you stick your neck out sufficiently far enough (and this does not include taunting them) then they can and probably should gun you down in the city and then pray no one catches them.
Without a corpse or locate object, it all boils down to how much the Sect Leaders like them once the note comes into Empire, and believe it or not people get punished in one fashion or another quicker in Empire than they ever, EVER do in Tribunal, Fortress, Village or Outlander. In some cases it will also boil down to how much the given Sect Leader likes Tribunal. And if a Sect Leader makes an official decision on the case, particularly the Sect that the offending Imperial is in, or the High Priest, then you can bet your ass no Imm is going to go over their head unless the person in question is a serial lawbreaker.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 10/30/2009 12:53PM by Scrimbul.