Replacing modern theology... that's a loaded phrase all by itself, honestly, and there are a few critical assumptions that need to be removed for any discussion like this to have meaning instead of waffle back and forth. First, the assumption that science and spirituality are mutually exclusive, and that one HAS to contradict the other is simply ingrained in our consciousness- conditioned carefully to preserve conflict and create meaning in the debates that surround it while engendering no actual progress or compromise. Second, let's look at "modern theology". Unless we're speaking here of something like the Unitarian Universalists, there really isn't any 'modern theology' except in the context of analysis. Great sermons are written and delivered, as I have personally witnessed many times, but the rules of the game don't change. They don't evolve or adapt, and the functional beliefs haven't been updated, only enforced through repetition. Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, Tyson, Dawkins, Guth, Kaku, Susskind, and countless other cosmologists/astrophysicists have expressed somewhere in their works the fact that the more they delve into the majesty and complexity of the Multiverse, the more it becomes apparent that SOME force guides the whole of reality. Science is not about the denial of faith, it's about having a foundation for your faith. Science is the spluttering match held to a frosted pane, in an attempt to see beyond. Science is humbling, which oddly enough is one of the most oft-professed and least-executed virtues in religious communities. Humility means accepting that as singular organisms acting as part of a much larger whole, we are probably blissfully unaware of the consciousness that maintains that whole. Attempting to use a "proper" name, hymn, or set of behavioral rules and attributing it to the wisdom of a being so far above us in perception, cognition, omnipresence, etc. is laughable, if examined logically. There's another assumption that needs sewn into a burlap sack with a rooster and a dog and thrown in the river- the assumption that faith and LOGIC are mutually exclusive.
At this point, I am afraid to say, most people embedded in organized religion go to "But the Bible." So here we go: From an objective standpoint, if we discovered an alien planet and found that a significant portion of the population based their beliefs and behaviors on a nearly two-thousand-year-old book of vague stories and myths, we would have a hearty laugh. If we further discovered that the monarchs of that planet had tampered with those stories in meaningful ways throughout the centuries, our scorn would intensify. The saving grace of the Bible, to me, is also the downfall of organized religion in general: As the Bible made its way through the game of telephone, losing the apocrypha and certain other elements, the words of Christ were preserved and translated with utmost care, probably to the best degree in the entire book. Let's remember here that "Christian", as a designation, should logically mean "One who walks in the way of Christ", not "One who acts upon the Bible." That would designate a person as a "Biblican" or something to that effect. So let's examine the words of Christ (paraphrased): 1. Love thy neighbor as thyself- this is the greatest of my commandments and the foundation of all the Law of Heaven. 2. That which you do for the least of your brethren, you do also for me. 3. You might've heard people say "an eye for an eye", but if you wish to enter the kingdom of heaven, when struck on right cheek, offer your left. 4. Judge not, lest ye be judged.
This is a quick run-down of some of the most essential points Christ makes, especially the bit about the greatest commandment. Problem with homosexuals? See that greatest commandment and the one about judging. Whatever else there is, in context or weird stories, is irrelevant by comparison. Want to condemn other faiths? See the same two. Want to crusade against abortion? See points 1 and 4. Point 2 generally means that when you can give, you give. Honestly, if you want anything reduced to the simple and beautiful truth regarding spirituality, faith, science, and any combination thereof, list it here and I will put my best foot in my mouth forward. It's what I do.
Much love and May the Pan-Dimensional HyperBeing of Many Names Colors and Powers influence your reality in a positive manner.